Which of the following list the four elements of a tort claim?

• A. State action, causation, injury, criminal intent
• B. Duty, breach, injury, proximate cause
• C. Duty, breach, date, and time of incident
• D. State action, violation, causation

Answer: (B)

In tort law, you prove four main parts: a duty owed to the plaintiff, a breach of that duty, damages or injuries, and a causal link between the breach and the injury (proximate cause). The set that lists duty, breach, injury, and proximate cause fits because it covers both the harm and the connection to it. For example, a driver has a duty to drive safely; speeding or running a red light breaches that duty; an injury occurs as a result; and proximate cause shows that the breach led to the injury in a foreseeable way. The other options bring in elements that aren’t part of the standard four: state action is a constitutional concept, not a general tort element; date or time of incident isn’t part of proving a tort claim; and simply stating causation or using terms like violation or criminal intent doesn’t align with the required four parts.