Which U.S. Supreme Court case requires the prosecution team to disclose, to the defendant, all evidence that is material to guilt or punishment?

• A. Brady v. Maryland
• B. Estelle v. Gamble
• C. Turner v. Safely
• D. Hudson v. McMillan

Answer: (A)

This question tests the prosecutor’s duty to share with the defense evidence that is favorable to the accused and material to guilt or punishment. Under Brady v. Maryland, the government must disclose any exculpatory or impeachment information that is material to the defendant’s guilt or sentence. Material means there is a reasonable probability that the outcome would have been different if the evidence had been disclosed. This requirement comes from due process, ensuring a fair trial. The other listed cases deal with different constitutional issues in the prison context (such as medical care or use of force) and do not establish a disclosure obligation. So the case that establishes this prosecutorial duty is Brady v. Maryland.